Ammonium Hydroxide
Known as ammonia water, ammonia liquor, aqueous ammonia, or colloquially as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), CAS 1336-21-6, is a colorless solution of ammonia in water. Available in multiple grades — ACS, HPCL, food, LCMS, USP, analytical, industrial, trace metal — ammonium hydroxide is a volatile, pungent-smelling liquid.
Ammonium hydroxide is used in traditional qualitative inorganic analysis as a complexant and base. It is also often found in solutions used to clean gold, silver, and platinum jewelry. It has numerous industrial applications, from making furniture to food production where it is used as leavening agent or acidity regulator. Ammonium hydroxide is a strong cleaning agent that is quite toxic. However, highly diluted ammonium hydroxide, also known as household ammonia, is a common ingredient in many cleaning agents.
Key applications of ammonium hydroxide are:
- As a cleaning agent for industrial and commercial products
- In the production of detergents, soaps, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, and inks
- In adhesive and sealant chemicals
Ammonium hydroxide is highly toxic when inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Direct exposure causes irritation of the eyes and the respiratory system. Workers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). The chemical should be stored in closed containers away from heat.