Acetone

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What Is Acetone?

Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable organic solvent with a distinct sweet odor. It occurs naturally in plants and the environment, dissolves completely in water, and does not bind to soil or accumulate in aquatic organisms.

In humans, acetone is produced and disposed of via normal metabolic processes. Produced during animal fat metabolism, it’s found in trace amounts in human urine and blood. Acetone can be detected in vehicle exhaust and smoke from volcanoes, fires, tobacco, wood, and other materials.

Exposure to moderate or high acetone concentrations can cause eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation. Exposure to high or very high concentrations can cause dizziness, nausea, uncoordinated movements, slurred speech, and coma.

After extensive testing, acetone is not classified as genotoxic, carcinogenic, or neurotoxic. In 1995, it was listed as volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Synonyms: Dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, beta-ketopropane, propan-2-one, dimethyl formaldehyde, methyl ketone, pyroacetic ether, dimethylketal, ketone propane

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Physical and Chemical Properties

PropertyValue  

Property

Molecular Weight
Value
58.08 g/mol
 
 
 
 

Property

Density
Value
0.7845 g/mL at 25ºC
 
 
 
 

Property

Boiling Point
Value
56.05ºC
 
 
 
 

Property

Melting Point
Value
-94.7ºC
 
 
 
 

Property

Flash Point
Value
17ºC
 
 
 
 

Property

Viscosity
Value
0.295 cP at 25ºC
 
 
 
 

Property

Dielectric Constant
Value
20.7 at 25ºC
 
 
 
 

Property

Dipole Moment
Value
2.91 D
 
 
 
 

Property

UV Cutoff
Value
330 nm
 
 
 
 

Property

Refractive Index
Value
1.359 at 20ºC
 
 
 
 

Property

Vapor Pressure
Value
110 mm Hg (20ºC)
 
 
 
 

Property

Water Solubility
Value
Miscible
 
 
 
 

Property

Dissociation Constants
Value
-7 pKa (conjugate acid)
 
 
 
 

Property

Surface Tension
Value
23.7 dyn/cm at 20ºC
 
 
 
 

Uses

Acetone is used to make plastics, fibers, pharmaceuticals, paint solvents, nail polish removers, and cosmetics. It’s also used as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics, lacquers, varnishes, and rubber cements.


Designations and Grades

PropertyValue  

Property

CAS Number
Value
67-64-1
 
 
 
 

Property

MDL Number
Value
MFCD00008765
 
 
 
 

Property

RIDAD/UN Number
Value
UN 1090 3/PG 2
 
 
 
 

Property

Beilstein Registry
Value
635680
 
 
 
 

Property

EG/EC Number
Value
2006622
 
 
 
 

Property

NSC Number
Value
135802
 
 
 
 

Property

ICSC Number
Value
0087
 
 
 
 

Property

RTECS Number
Value
AL3150000
 
 
 
 

Grades

ACS, ACS Reagent, Certified ACS

Anhydrous/Dry/Extra Dry

Biochemical

Electronic/Semiconductor

FCC

GC, Capillary GC

GC Gradient

GC/Pesticide Residue

Histological

HPLC Gradient

HPLC/UHPLC

Laboratory/Technical

LC-MS, Ultra LC-MS

NF/USP/JP/EP/BP


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