Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), CAS 7647-01-0, is the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas. Soluble in water and alcohol, HCl is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong pungent smell. It is a common laboratory chemical, used as a reagent in various chemical reactions and in the preparation of samples for lab analysis. HCl is the major component of gastric acid, naturally produced by cells in the human body to aid the digestion process.
Also known as muriatic acid, HCl is a key industrial chemical as well, used:
- In the production of chlorine and chlorides, fertilizers, and dyes
- For the removal of rust, iron oxide, and other impurities from metals such as steel
- As a component in food and material processing such as the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride
Due to its highly corrosive property, HCl can cause damage to most materials, including metals, forming soluble metal chlorides in the process. Because it is a highly reactive liquid, HCl should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment. HCl cannot be stored in metal containers, instead requiring plastic housing such as PVC. Secondary containment is recommended.
Inhalation or oral consumption of hydrochloric acid may cause irritation to the eyes and nose and deterioration of the mucous membranes and esophagus. HCI emits toxic fumes and thus should be handled in a fume hood.